how na?[mama]
phrasehow are you?; what's up?
- Literally:
- how now
A targeted glossary of Cameroonian Pidgin (Kamtok) terms, slang expressions, linguistic rules, and direct English translations.
Spoken in
Cameroon, where it is a lingua franca in the English-speaking North West and South West regions
Status
Not an official language; English and French are official
Speakers
Wikipedia lists about 12 million (2017); about 5% speak it as a first language
Type
English-based creole, usually called Pidgin English
Other names
Kamtok, Cameroonian Pidgin English, Cameroonian Creole
Language code
ISO 639-3: wes
Spelling
No single standard; several conventions exist side by side
| Kamtok | Meaning |
|---|---|
| how na?[mama] | how are you?; what's up? |
| ah fine[mama] | I am fine (a reply to how na?) |
| ah dey[mama] | I am okay (a reply to how na?) |
| ashia[ct][coc] | sorry |
| wusai toilet dey?[ct][coc] | where is the bathroom? |
| a want go market[ct][coc] | I want to go to the market |
| a di hungry[ct][coc] | I am hungry |
| a want chop[ct][coc] | I am hungry |
| faim dey me[ct][coc] | I am hungry |
| a beg for water[ct][coc] | can I have some water, please? |
| dis chop fine[ct][coc] | the food is delicious; I like it |
| na how much?[ct][coc] | how much is this? |
| e dear[ct][coc] | it is too expensive |
| Person | Subject | Object | Reflexive | Possessive |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | a | mi | misef | ma |
| 2nd singular | yu | yu | yusef | yu |
| 3rd singular | i | (y)i, -im, -am | isef | (y)i |
| 1st plural | wi | wi | wisef | wi |
| 2nd plural | wuna | wuna | wunasef | wuna |
| 3rd plural | dem | dem | demsef | dem, dea |
| Kamtok | Marker | What it shows |
|---|---|---|
| Ma masa bin tutu wok. | bin | past. My boss worked very hard. |
| Tiri pipo go di kam. | go | future. Three people will be coming. |
| The boy dem di cam | di | ongoing or habitual. The boys are coming. |
| Which man don tif ma book(s) dem? | don | perfect. Who has stolen my books? |
| Dem neva cam? | neva | not yet. They haven't come yet? |
| Ah no wan look dat kain ting. | no | negation. I don't want to watch that kind of thing. |
| Dis cat na ma on. | na | linking word. This cat is mine. |
Na is a copula, a linking word like "is", "am" or "are". Dis cat na ma on means "This cat is mine."
No is the particle that marks negation. In No man no laik mi no smol, it appears twice to mean "Nobody likes me even a little."
Dem means "they" or "them", and placed after a noun it marks the plural, as in man dem for "men." APiCS also records an associative plural, where Eric dem means "Eric and associates."
-sef attaches to a pronoun to make a reflexive form, such as misef for "myself." The same pattern gives yusef, isef, wisef, wunasef and demsef.
Dey means "to be" and appears inside phrases like ah dey and wusai toilet dey? The sources that give these phrases don't describe its grammar in more detail, and APiCS writes the ongoing-action marker as di instead.
where is the bathroom?
I want to go to the market
I am hungry
I am hungry
I am hungry
can I have some water, please?
the food is delicious; I like it
how much is this?
it is too expensive
Slang changes quickly and these entries come from travel articles, so treat them as informal usage.
I
me
my
ma bele
my stomach
you, your (singular)
he, she, it
him, her, it (the object form)
A no laik-am.
I don't like it.
we, us, our
you (plural)
they, them; also placed after a noun to make it plural
man dem
men
added to a pronoun to make a reflexive form
misef
myself
marks the past
Ma masa bin tutu wok.
My boss worked very hard.
marks a past habitual action
marks the future
Tiri pipo go di kam.
Three people will be coming.
marks an ongoing or habitual action (imperfective)
The boy dem di cam
The boys are coming.
marks a completed action (perfect)
Which man don tif ma book(s) dem?
Who has stolen my books?
not yet; the negative of the perfect
Dem neva cam?
They haven't come yet?
not; marks negation
No man no laik mi no smol.
Nobody likes me even a little.
a linking word, like is, am or are
Dis cat na ma on.
This cat is mine.
can, to be able to
Yu no fit bi ma klak.
You cannot be my clerk.
to want
Ah no wan look dat kain ting.
I don't want to watch that kind of thing.
to have
Wi get plenti de go learnam komot dem.
We have much to learn from them.
to be (seen in ah dey and wusai toilet dey?)
a savings group in which members pay in regularly and take turns receiving the pot
motor vehicle
hair, beard
skin
snake
cake
gift
much, many
much, plenty
kind, sort
thing
continually
The Pastor di soso tok.
The pastor was continually talking.
soon
The Pipo go go small time.
The people will go soon.
small; a person or thing of little value or importance
annoyed
Kamtok often respells English words the way they sound.
| Kamtok | English |
|---|---|
| buk | book |
| haus | house |
| naif | knife |
| moni | money |
| smol | small |
| laik | like |
| giv | give |
| tek | take |
| bai | buy |
| ton | town |
| wok | work |
| dokta | doctor |
| wuman | woman |
| gel | girl |
| got | goat |
| Feature | Kamtok | Nigerian Pidgin |
|---|---|---|
| You (plural) | wuna | una |
| Ongoing action | di | de |
| Past | bin | bin (rarely used) |
| Future | go | go |
| Completed action | don | don |
| Not yet | neva or neba | neva |
| Linking word (is, am, are) | na | na |
| Plural after a noun | dem | dem |
| Official status | Not official; English and French are | No official recognition |
Where both columns match, the two share the marker.
Last reviewed:
Kamtok is spelled in several ways, so you may see other spellings of the words listed here.
Entries are cross-checked against published references and have not yet had a native-speaker review.
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